Germany
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Tax authority: Federal Ministry of Finance (BMF); returns go to your local Finanzamt, usually through ELSTER. Tax year is the calendar year.
Main taxes
Einkommensteuer (income tax)
2026: no tax on the first €12,348 (Grundfreibetrag). Rates then rise progressively from 14% to 42%, and 45% at the top (§32a EStG). Couples can use income splitting.
Solidaritätszuschlag
5.5% of income tax, charged only when the tax is above an exemption limit, so most people don't pay it.
Umsatzsteuer (VAT)
Standard rate 19%; reduced rate 7% for items such as food and books (§12 UStG).
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Rates as of 2026-11-03 · Source: European Central Bank reference rates. Indicative rates for reference only, not for transactions. Converter →